The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed significant focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the field with free sports coaching, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more comfortable others will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022